Retry Strategies

Model providers occasionally encounter errors such as rate limits, service unavailability, or network timeouts. By default, the agent retries throttled responses automatically with exponential backoff. The Agent.retry_strategy (Python) or Agent.retryStrategy (TypeScript) parameter lets you customize this behavior.

Default Behavior

Without configuration, agents retry throttling errors up to 5 times (6 total attempts) with exponential backoff starting at 4 seconds:

Attempt 1: fails → wait 4s
Attempt 2: fails → wait 8s
Attempt 3: fails → wait 16s
Attempt 4: fails → wait 32s
Attempt 5: fails → wait 64s
Attempt 6: fails → exception raised

Customizing Retry Behavior

To adjust retry parameters, pass a configured strategy to the agent constructor.

Python

from strands import Agent, ModelRetryStrategy

agent = Agent(
    retry_strategy=ModelRetryStrategy(
        max_attempts=3,      # Total attempts (including first try)
        initial_delay=2,     # Seconds before first retry
        max_delay=60         # Cap on backoff delay
    )
)

TypeScript

In TypeScript, ModelRetryStrategy is the abstract base class. Use DefaultModelRetryStrategy for the standard configurable strategy:

import { Agent, DefaultModelRetryStrategy } from '@strands-agents/sdk'

const agent = new Agent({
  retryStrategy: new DefaultModelRetryStrategy({ maxAttempts: 3 }),
})

Parameters

Python

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
max_attempts	int	6	Total number of attempts including the initial call. Set to 1 to disable retries.
initial_delay	float	4	Seconds to wait before the first retry. Subsequent retries double this value.
max_delay	float	128	Maximum seconds to wait between retries. Caps the exponential growth.

TypeScript

DefaultModelRetryStrategy accepts:

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
maxAttempts	number	6	Total number of attempts including the initial call. Must be >= 1.
backoff	BackoffStrategy	new ExponentialBackoff({ baseMs: 4000, maxMs: 240000 })	Computes delay between retries. See Backoff Strategies.

Backoff Strategies

In TypeScript, the delay between retries is delegated to a BackoffStrategy passed via the backoff parameter. The Python SDK does not expose a separate backoff interface; configure exponential backoff through the initial_delay and max_delay parameters above.

Python

Configure backoff through ModelRetryStrategy parameters in Customizing Retry Behavior.

TypeScript

The TypeScript SDK ships three built-in strategies:

• ExponentialBackoff (default): delay grows as baseMs * multiplier^(attempt-1), capped at maxMs.
• LinearBackoff: delay grows as baseMs * attempt, capped at maxMs.
• ConstantBackoff: same delay for every retry.

ExponentialBackoff and LinearBackoff accept a jitter option ('none', 'full', 'equal', 'decorrelated'). Default is 'full' jitter, which spreads concurrent clients across the wait window. ConstantBackoff returns the configured delay unchanged.

import { Agent, DefaultModelRetryStrategy, ExponentialBackoff } from '@strands-agents/sdk'

const agent = new Agent({
  retryStrategy: new DefaultModelRetryStrategy({
    maxAttempts: 4,
    backoff: new ExponentialBackoff({
      baseMs: 2_000,
      maxMs: 60_000,
      multiplier: 2,
      jitter: 'full',
    }),
  }),
})

Disabling Retries

To disable automatic retries entirely:

Python

from strands import Agent

agent = Agent(
    retry_strategy=None
)

TypeScript

import { Agent } from '@strands-agents/sdk'

const agent = new Agent({
  retryStrategy: null,
})

When Retries Occur

Default retry strategies handle throttling errors (ModelThrottledException in Python, ModelThrottledError in TypeScript) raised by model providers for rate-limiting. Other exceptions propagate immediately without retry.

To extend or narrow the retryable set, see Custom Retry Logic.

Custom Retry Logic

For more control over retry decisions, such as validating model responses or handling additional error types, two paths are available:

1. Subclass the retry strategy class to own the full decision shape and reuse hook plumbing.
2. Use a hook on AfterModelCallEvent to set event.retry = true directly.

Subclassing the Retry Strategy

Python

The Python SDK’s ModelRetryStrategy is a concrete configurable class. To customize beyond its max_attempts / initial_delay / max_delay parameters, use the hook approach below.

TypeScript

To extend or narrow which errors are retryable, subclass DefaultModelRetryStrategy and override isRetryable. The default implementation retries ModelThrottledError only; super.isRetryable(error) preserves that base behavior so you can opt additional error types in (or specific ones out) without reimplementing the rest of the retry policy.

import { Agent, DefaultModelRetryStrategy } from '@strands-agents/sdk'

class TransientServiceError extends Error {
  readonly name = 'TransientServiceError'
}

// Retry throttles (the default retryable set) plus our own transient error class.
class WiderRetryStrategy extends DefaultModelRetryStrategy {
  protected override isRetryable(error: Error): boolean {
    return super.isRetryable(error) || error instanceof TransientServiceError
  }
}

const agent = new Agent({
  retryStrategy: new WiderRetryStrategy({ maxAttempts: 5 }),
})

For full control over the retry decision (custom backoff state, attempt-aware logic), subclass the abstract ModelRetryStrategy directly and implement computeRetryDecision. The base class handles short-circuits, per-turn state reset, and sleeping between attempts.

A retry-strategy instance carries per-turn state and must not be shared across agents. Create a new instance per agent.

Using a Hook

Hooks are simpler when you only need to inspect a model error and request a retry. Set event.retry = true from an AfterModelCallEvent callback. Hooks do not introduce delays automatically; the example below adds a 2-second wait.

Python

import asyncio
from strands import Agent
from strands.hooks import HookProvider, HookRegistry, AfterModelCallEvent

class CustomRetry(HookProvider):
    def __init__(self, max_retries: int = 3, delay: float = 2.0):
        self.max_retries = max_retries
        self.delay = delay
        self.attempts = 0

    def register_hooks(self, registry: HookRegistry) -> None:
        registry.add_callback(AfterModelCallEvent, self.maybe_retry)

    async def maybe_retry(self, event: AfterModelCallEvent) -> None:
        if event.exception and self.attempts < self.max_retries:
            self.attempts += 1
            await asyncio.sleep(self.delay)
            event.retry = True

agent = Agent(hooks=[CustomRetry()])

TypeScript

The AfterModelCallEvent exposes attemptCount (1-indexed). Use it to bound retry counts without tracking state outside the hook.

import { Agent, AfterModelCallEvent } from '@strands-agents/sdk'

const agent = new Agent({})

let attempts = 0
agent.addHook(AfterModelCallEvent, async (event) => {
  if (event.error && attempts < 3) {
    attempts += 1
    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 2_000))
    event.retry = true
  }
})

See Hooks for more examples.